@article{Halpern/03, AUTHOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, TITLE = {JACM's 50th anniversary}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {3-7}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602385}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{staff/03, AUTHOR = {staff, Journal of the ACM}, TITLE = {An editorial history}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {8-9}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602386}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Alt/03, AUTHOR = {Alt, Franz}, TITLE = {Journal of the ACM --- The beginnings}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {10-11}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602387}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Juncosa/03, AUTHOR = {Juncosa, Mario L.}, TITLE = {Transitions 1959-1964}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {12-13}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602388}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Gotlieb/03, AUTHOR = {Gotlieb, C.C.}, TITLE = {A golden age for JACM}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {14-14}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602389}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Miller/03, AUTHOR = {Miller, Ray}, TITLE = {JACM 1973-1975}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {15-15}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602390}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Coffman/03, AUTHOR = {Coffman, Ed}, TITLE = {JACM 1976-1979}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {16-16}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602391}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Fischer/03, AUTHOR = {Fischer, Michael J.}, TITLE = {JACM 1983-1986}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {17-17}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602392}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Rosenkrantz/03, AUTHOR = {Rosenkrantz, Daniel J.}, TITLE = {JACM 1986-1990}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {18-18}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602393}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Leighton/03, AUTHOR = {Leighton, Tom}, TITLE = {JACM 1991-1997}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {19-19}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602395}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Mandelbaum/03, AUTHOR = {Mandelbaum, Mark}, TITLE = {A report from headquarters}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {21-23}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602397}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Brooks/03, AUTHOR = {Brooks, Frederick P., Jr.}, TITLE = {Three great challenges for half-century-old computer science}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {25-26}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602398}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Cook/03, AUTHOR = {Cook, Stephen}, TITLE = {The importance of the $P$ versus $NP$ question}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {27-29}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602399}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Corbato/03, AUTHOR = {Corbat{\`o}, Fernando J.}, TITLE = {On computer system challenges}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {30-31}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602400}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Feigenbaum/03, AUTHOR = {Feigenbaum, Edward A.}, TITLE = {Some challenges and grand challenges for computational intelligence}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {32-40}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602401}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Gray/03, AUTHOR = {Gray, Jim}, TITLE = {What next? --- A dozen information-technology research goals}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {41-57}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602402}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Hartmanis/03, AUTHOR = {Hartmanis, Juris}, TITLE = {Separation of complexity classes}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {58-62}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602403}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Hoare/03, AUTHOR = {Hoare, Tony}, TITLE = {The verifying compiler: A grand challenge for computing research}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {63-69}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602404}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Lampson/03, AUTHOR = {Lampson, Butler}, TITLE = {Getting computers to understand}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {70-72}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602405}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{McCarthy/03, AUTHOR = {McCarthy, John}, TITLE = {Problems and projections in CS for the next 49 years}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {73-79}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602406}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Razborov/03, AUTHOR = {Razborov, Alexander}, TITLE = {Propositional proof complexity}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {80-82}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602407}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Reddy/03, AUTHOR = {Reddy, Raj}, TITLE = {Three open problems in AI}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {83-86}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602408}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Shor/03, AUTHOR = {Shor, Peter W.}, TITLE = {Why haven't more quantum algorithms been found?}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {87-90}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602409}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Stearns/03, AUTHOR = {Stearns, Richard E.}, TITLE = {Deterministic versus nondeterministic time and lower bound problems}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {91-95}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602410}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Valiant/03, AUTHOR = {Valiant, Leslie G.}, TITLE = {Three problems in computer science}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {96-99}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602411}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Yao/03, AUTHOR = {Yao, Andrew Chi-Chih}, TITLE = {Classical physics and the church --- Turing thesis}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {100-105}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/636865.636866}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Dechter-Rish/03, AUTHOR = {Dechter, Rina and Rish, Irina}, TITLE = {Mini-buckets: A general scheme for bounded inference}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {107-153}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/636865.636867}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Beame-Saks-Sun-Vee/03, AUTHOR = {Beame, Paul and Saks, Michael and Sun, Xiaodong and Vee, Erik}, TITLE = {Time-space trade-off lower bounds for randomized computation of decision problems}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {154-195}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/636865.636868}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Sahai-Vadhan/03, AUTHOR = {Sahai, Amit and Vadhan, Salil}, TITLE = {A complete problem for statistical zero knowledge}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {196-249}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/636865.636869}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Jayasimha-Schwiebert-Manivannan-May/03, AUTHOR = {Jayasimha, D.N. and Schwiebert, Loren and Manivannan, D. and May, Jeff A.}, TITLE = {A foundation for designing deadlock-free routing algorithms in wormhole networks}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {250-275}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/765568.765569}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Zhang-Yap/03, AUTHOR = {Zhang, Yuanlin and Yap, Roland H.C.}, TITLE = {Erratum to ''Constraint tightness and looseness versus local and global consistency''}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {3}, PAGES = {277-279}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/765568.765570}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, NOTE = {Originally in J. ACM, Vol. 44, 1997, No. 4, 549-566}, } @article{Darwiche/03, AUTHOR = {Darwiche, Adnan}, TITLE = {A differential approach to inference in Bayesian networks}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {3}, PAGES = {280-305}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/765568.765571}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Reed/03, AUTHOR = {Reed, Bruce}, TITLE = {The height of a random binary search tree}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {3}, PAGES = {306-332}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/765568.765572}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Drmota/03, AUTHOR = {Drmota, Michael}, TITLE = {An analytic approach to the height of binary search trees II}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {3}, PAGES = {333-374}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/765568.765573}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Bilardi-Pingali/03, AUTHOR = {Bilardi, Gianfranco and Pingali, Keshav}, TITLE = {Algorithms for computing the static single assignment form}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {3}, PAGES = {375-425}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Halpern, Joseph Y.}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/792538.792540}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Agrawal-Biswas/03, AUTHOR = {Agrawal, Manindra and Biswas, Somenath}, TITLE = {Primality and identity testing via Chinese remaindering}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {4}, PAGES = {429-443}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/792538.792541}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Attiya-Fouren/03, AUTHOR = {Attiya, Hagit and Fouren, Arie}, TITLE = {Algorithms adapting to point contention}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {4}, PAGES = {444-468}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/792538.792542}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Zhong-Weihrauch/03, AUTHOR = {Zhong, Ning and Weihrauch, Klaus}, TITLE = {Computability theory of generalized functions}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {4}, PAGES = {469-505}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/792538.792543}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Blum-Kalai-Wasserman/03, AUTHOR = {Blum, Avrim and Kalai, Adam and Wasserman, Hal}, TITLE = {Noise-tolerant learning, the parity problem, and the statistical query model}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {4}, PAGES = {506-519}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/792538.792544}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Leonardi-Mellia-Neri-Ajmone_Marsan/03, AUTHOR = {Leonardi, Emilio and Mellia, Marco and Neri, Fabio and Ajmone Marsan, Marco}, TITLE = {Bounds on delays and queue lengths in input-queued cell switches}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {4}, PAGES = {520-550}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/792538.792545}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Kalyanasundaram-Pruhs/03, AUTHOR = {Kalyanasundaram, Bala and Pruhs, Kirk R.}, TITLE = {Minimizing flow time nonclairvoyantly}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {4}, PAGES = {551-567}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/792538.792546}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Vocking/03, AUTHOR = {V{\"{o}}cking, Berthold}, TITLE = {How asymmetry helps load balancing}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {4}, PAGES = {568-589}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/876638.876639}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Krokhin-Jeavons-Jonsson/03, AUTHOR = {Krokhin, Andrei and Jeavons, Peter and Jonsson, Peter}, TITLE = {Reasoning about temporal relations: The tractable subalgebras of Allen's interval algebra}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {5}, PAGES = {591-640}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/876638.876640}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Barvinok-Fekete-Johnson-Tamir-Woeginger-Woodroofe/03, AUTHOR = {Barvinok, Alexander and Fekete, S{\'{a}}ndor P. and Johnson, David S. and Tamir, Arie and Woeginger, Gerhard J. and Woodroofe, Russ}, TITLE = {The geometric maximum Traveling Salesman Problem}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {5}, PAGES = {641-664}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/876638.876641}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Wu-Ravishankar/03, AUTHOR = {Wu, Wei Biao and Ravishankar, Chinya V.}, TITLE = {The performance of difference coding for sets and relational tables}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {5}, PAGES = {665-693}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/876638.876642}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Benedikt-Libkin-Schwentick-Segoufin/03, AUTHOR = {Benedikt, Michael and Libkin, Leonid and Schwentick, Thomas and Segoufin, Luc}, TITLE = {Definable relations and first-order query languages over strings}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {5}, PAGES = {694-751}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/876638.876643}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Clarke-Grumberg-Jha-Lu-Veith/03, AUTHOR = {Clarke, Edmund and Grumberg, Orna and Jha, Somesh and Lu, Yuan and Veith, Helmut}, TITLE = {Counterexample-guided abstraction refinement for symbolic model checking}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {5}, PAGES = {752-794}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/950620.950621}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Jain-Mahdian-Markakis-Saberi-Vazirani/03, AUTHOR = {Jain, Kamal and Mahdian, Mohammad and Markakis, Evangelos and Saberi, Amin and Vazirani, Vijay V.}, TITLE = {Greedy facility location algorithms analyzed using dual fitting with factor-revealing $LP$}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {6}, PAGES = {795-824}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/950620.950622}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Buchsbaum-Fowler-Giancarlo/03, AUTHOR = {Buchsbaum, Adam L. and Fowler, Glenn S. and Giancarlo, Raffaele}, TITLE = {Improving table compression with combinatorial optimization}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {6}, PAGES = {825-851}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/950620.950623}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Dwork-Naor-Reingold-Stockmeyer/03, AUTHOR = {Dwork, Cynthia and Naor, Moni and Reingold, Omer and Stockmeyer, Larry}, TITLE = {Magic functions (In memoriam: Bernard M. Dwork 1923-1998)}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {6}, PAGES = {852-921}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/950620.950624}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, } @article{Mostefaoui-Rajsbaum-Raynal/03, AUTHOR = {Mostefaoui, Achour and Rajsbaum, Sergio and Raynal, Michel}, TITLE = {Conditions on input vectors for consensus solvability in asynchronous distributed systems}, JOURNAL = {J. ACM}, VOLUME = {50}, NUMBER = {6}, PAGES = {922-954}, YEAR = {2003}, EDITOR = {Raghavan, Prabhakar}, URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/950620.950625}, PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, }